After all, the hand plate is not the final product, in terms of the degree of use, excessive external force, temperature, environment and other factors will cause cracks or deformation of the hand plate. How to maintain the hand model? What better ways to prevent distortion? How to avoid the deformation of the hand plate during the manufacturing process, resulting in the scrap of the whole product?

　　1. 手板模型出現(xiàn)裂紋的原因

　　1. Reasons for Cracks in Handplate Model

　　手板模型中出現(xiàn)裂紋的主要原因是手板的內(nèi)應(yīng)力裂紋大于手板的大承載能力。手盤上出現(xiàn)了裂紋。這是一種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的損失，應(yīng)該盡量避免。

　　The main reason for the cracks in the hand plate model is that the internal stress cracks of the hand plate are larger than the maximum load-carrying capacity of the hand plate. Cracks appeared on the handplate. This is an irreversible loss, which should be avoided as far as possible.

　　2. 為什么手模板變形了?

　　2. why did the hand template change?

　　手板的內(nèi)應(yīng)力會使手板的應(yīng)力不均勻，手板會產(chǎn)生變形。

　　The internal stress of the hand plate will make the stress of the hand plate uneven, and the hand plate will be deformed.

　　詳細(xì)介紹了以下三種防止手板變形的方法:

　　Three methods to prevent hand plate deformation are introduced in detail.

　　在設(shè)計中防止手板的變形，使手板的厚度均勻，形狀對稱。鑄造工藝采用同步凝固。這種方法降低了手板的內(nèi)應(yīng)力，防止變形。此外，對長形手板模型，采用抗變形方法是一種預(yù)防措施。其原理是通過變形方向相反且變形相同的手板的預(yù)變形量來消除手板的應(yīng)力。

　　In the design, the deformation of the hand plate is prevented, so that the thickness of the hand plate is uniform and the shape is symmetrical. Synchronized solidification is adopted in the casting process. This method reduces the internal stress of the hand plate and prevents deformation. In addition, the anti-deformation method is a preventive measure for the long hand plate model. The principle is to eliminate the stress of the hand plate through the pre deformation of the deformed plate with the same deformation and the same deformation.

　　手板變形后，存在一定的殘余應(yīng)力。在處理手板前應(yīng)消除應(yīng)力。應(yīng)力退火和自然時效可以用來消除內(nèi)應(yīng)力。

　　After the hand plate is deformed, there are some residual stresses. The stress should be eliminated before handling the hand plate. Stress annealing and natural aging can be used to eliminate internal stress.

　　其次，手板熱裂紋主要是由機(jī)械應(yīng)力引起的，是由金屬裂紋的凝固引起的。解決的辦法是改進(jìn)手板的結(jié)構(gòu)，使其與金屬表面的接觸減少。另一種方法是通過控制金屬的硫含量來增加金屬的熱脆性。

　　Secondly, the thermal crack of hand plate is mainly caused by mechanical stress and solidification of metal crack. The solution is to improve the structure of the hand plate and reduce its contact with the metal surface. Another method is to increase the thermal brittleness of metals by controlling the sulfur content of metals.

　　三是手板冷裂紋屬于低溫產(chǎn)品裂紋。這是由于手版的變形，常常在手版上被拉長。冷裂紋通常是細(xì)的。當(dāng)制作又大又薄的手板時，常常會出現(xiàn)冷裂紋。同樣，預(yù)防措施是降低內(nèi)應(yīng)力，控制金屬中的磷含量。

　　Third, the cold crack of hand plate belongs to the crack of low temperature product. This is due to the distortion of the handprint, which is often elongated on the handprint. Cold cracks are usually thin. When making large and thin hand panels, cold cracks often appear. Similarly, preventive measures are to reduce internal stress and control the phosphorus content in metals.

　　在制作手版的過程中，需要有經(jīng)驗的手版人員來更好的處理導(dǎo)致手版變形的內(nèi)應(yīng)力等因素。手板主應(yīng)處理好應(yīng)力及其平衡，調(diào)整金屬中硫磷的比例，優(yōu)化手板結(jié)構(gòu)，減少金屬熱對手板的影響。

　　In the process of manuscript production, experienced manuscript personnel are needed to better deal with the factors such as internal stress which lead to the deformation of the manuscript. The main body of hand plate should deal with stress and balance, adjust the proportion of sulfur and phosphorus in metal, optimize the structure of hand plate, and reduce the influence of metal heat on hand plate.